List of Neanderthal Fossil Sites

This List of Neanderthal fossil sites will help you navigate more easily among the many discovered settlements of ancient humans. It contains a list of findings with links to their brief descriptions. The list focuses only on sites where researchers have discovered the remains of Neanderthals themselves, not just their tools.

Interest in the history of Neanderthal man has been growing in recent years, fueled by new discoveries as well as remarkable findings made by scientists through DNA research.

Wikipedia also has good examples of cataloging Neanderthal finds. For example, List of Neanderthal sites and List of Neanderthal fossils provide useful information but only include the most well-known locations and do not encompass a number of significant discoveries made in recent years.

Here, for your attention, are approximately 246 sites from 31 countries ranging from Europe to Central Asia and the Altai region. All sites are sorted by the countries where the findings were made. Next to the site name, the approximate age of the findings is indicated. If there are several dates separated by commas, it means that a series of findings were made in different layers and of different ages. To view Neanderthal fossil sites according to their age, follow the links below:

Neanderthal fossil sites and remains:

From the most ancient to 130 thousand years;

Between 130 thousand years to 75 thousand years;

From 75 thousand years to 56 thousand years;

Less than 56 thousand years old.

EUROPE

Belgium, Spy Cave.

Belgium

Engis	44
Fonds-de-Foret (Bay Bonnet)	50–44
Goyet	46–44
Naulette	124–119
Rotches de D’Gennly	80–60
Scladina (Sclayn)	127–120
Spy	44–42
Trou Al’Wesse (Modave)	50–41
Trou de l’Abime (Couvin)	47–44.5
Trou Magrite (Magritte)	41
Walou	44–42

Bulgaria, Bacho Kiro Cave.

Bulgaria

Bacho Kiro	70–50
Kozarnika	183–128

Croatia, Vindija Cave.

Croatia

Krapina	130–110
Vindija	48–45

Neanderthal fossil sites: Czech, Kulna Cave.

Czech Republic, Kulna Cave.

Czech Republic

Kulna	50
Ochoz (Svedul Stul)	80–45
Šipka	55

France, La Ferrassie rock shelter. ©Musee National de Prehistoire, Les Eyzies

France

Abri Moula	49
Abri Suard	163
Angles-sur-l’Anglin (Roc-aux-Sorciers)	50–40
Artenac	124–119
Aubesier	191–169
Balauzière	57–40
Biache-Saint-Vaast	196–159
Boccard	75
Bourgeois-Delaunay	151–126
Castaigne (Caminero)	45–42
Chapelle-aux-Saints	60
Châteauneuf	120–70
Combe Grenal	130, 75–65
Cottés	46–44
Crouzade	50–45
Eguisheim (Egisheim)	60
Ferrassie	52–45
Font-de-Gaume	50–40
Fontechevade	200
Genay	82
Grotte de l’Hyène	125–75
Grotte des Fees	40
Grotte du Bison	51–44, 48–42
Grotte du Loup (Cosnac)	40
Grotte du Renne	44–41
Hortus	57
Jaurens	40
Jonzac (Chez-Pinaud)	65–48
Lazaret	160–150
Macassargues (Verrerie)	70
Malarnaud	129–122
Mandrin	69–46, 52–49
Marillac (Les Pradelles)	60–58
Masque	110–80
Mas-Viel	65–50
Merveilles (Castel-Merle)	105–100
Montgaudier	120–80
Montmaurin (La Niche and Coupe-Gorge)	200, 200–150, 125
Moula-Guercy	120–100
Moulin du Milieu	110–80
Moustier	53–43
Neron	47–45
Noisetier	50
Orgnac 3 (Mattecarlinque)	340–298
Payre	230–200
Pech-de-l’Azé	51–44
Pêcheurs	80–70
Pelenos (Monsempron)	65
Petit-Puymoyen	70–60
Peyrards	80
Placard	70–50
Portel-Ouest	70–65
Pradayrol	335–250
Quina	57–44
Ramandils	82–80
Regourdou	70
Rescoundudou	96–82
Rigabe	80–60
Rivaux	70
Roc de Marsal	70
Rochelot	85–80
Rochers-de-Villeneuve	51–44
Saint-Cesaire	43–42
Simard	70–60
Sirogne (Rocamadour)	140–125
Soulabé-las-Maretas	120–100
Tour of La Chaise	57
Tourville	236–183
Vaufrey	74
Vergisson	75–65, 42–40
Vergranne	300

Neanderthal fossil sites: Georgia, Ortvala Klde rock shelter.

Georgia

Bronzovaya (Bronze)	50
Djruchula (Djroutchoula)	105–90
Ortvala Cave	44.5–42.5
Ortvale Klde	50–40
Sakajia (Sakažhia)	60–50

Germany, Hohlenstein-Stadel Cave.

Germany

Altmuhl (Klausennische, Untere Klause, Sesselfelsgrotte)	100–70, 90–60, 60–46
Bad Cannstatt	295
Balver (Balve)	110–85
Ehringsdorf	230–205
Feldhofer	45–42
Hohlenstein-Stadel	124–120
Hunas	79–76
Ochtendung (Wannen)	170–160
Reilingen	250
Salzgitter-Lebenstedt	58–54
Sarstedt	115
Taubach	234–230
Warendorf	70–40

Gibraltar. Gorham’s Cave is a large sea cave, the largest in the complex. ©Finlayson, Gibraltar Museum

Gibraltar

Devil’s Tower	50–42
Forbes’ Quarry	70–60
Genista	50–40
Vanguard	50

Greece, Apidima Cave.

Greece

Apidima	170
Kalamakia	100–39
Lakonis	80–75
Petralona	200, possibly 350

Hungary, Remete Felső. Interior view of the Upper Cave in the Reme Valley. ©Szenti Tamas

Hungary

Remete Felső	70–50
Subalyuk (Suba-lyuk)	110–80
Vertesszölles	300

Italy, Balzi Rossi caves. ©Thilo Parg

Italy

Altamura (Lamalunga)	172–128
Archi	75–55
Balzi Rossi (Grotte du Prince, Grimaldi)	250–200
Bisceglie	75–65
Breuil	45–40
Broion	50–46
Buca del Tasso	57–40
Calascio	80
Capelvenere	50–40
Casal de’Pazzi	295–245
Castel di Guido	330–320
Cavallo	50–47
Ciota Ciara	300
Contrada Ianni (Nicotera)	100–60
Fate	82–75
Fondo Cattìe (Maglie)	100–40
Fontana Ranuccio	450–430
Fossellone	74
Fumane	60–50
Guattari	100–90, 68–50
Isernia La Pineta	583–561
Leuca	100–70
Madonna dell’Arma	88–73
Manie	70–60
Melpignano (Nuzzo)	57–40
Mezzena	45–40
Molare	140
Monte delle Gioie	295–290
Nadale	70
Poggio	240–190
Ponte Mammolo	295–245
Quinzano	128–115
Roccia San Sebastiano	45–44
Saccopastore	250
San Bernardino	60–40
Sedia del Diavolo	295–285
Taddeo	100–80
Tagliente	57–40
Visogliano	458

Montenegro, Crvena Stijena rock shelter.

Montenegro

Crvena Stijena

78–48

Netherlands, Doggerland. ©Winterwatch.net

Netherlands

Krijn

70–50

Jaskinia Ciemna (Dark Cave), Ojcowski National Park, Poland. ©Jan Jerszynski / Wikimedia Commons

Poland

Jaskinia Ciemna	115
Stajnia	54–52, possibly >100

Neanderthal fossil sites: Portugal, Gruta Nova da Columbeira.

Portugal

Columbeira	41.5
Figueira Brava	106–86
Galeria Pesada (Gruta da Aroeira)	418–390, 300–278
Oliveira	70–60, 47–46
Salemas	50–40

Romania, Ohaba Ponor (Şura Mare Cave).

Romania

Ohaba Ponor (Bordul Mare)

120–100

Russia, Matuzka. ©EU

Russia (European part)

Barakaevskaya (Barakai)	70–57
Matuzka	105–90
Mezmaiskaya	70–60, 45–42
Monasheskaya	48
Rozhok	130–115

Serbia Velika Balanica. ©Rade Vesović

Serbia

Pešturina	102, 92–44
Velika Balanica	295–285

Slovakia, Ganovce. The travertine rock where the skull was found. ©Klingon

Slovakia

Dzerava skala Cave (Palfy)	57–50
Ganovce	105
Šala	120–80

Slovenia

Partizanska Jama

50–40

Spain, Foradada. ©Antonio-Rodríguez-Hidalgo

Spain

Abric Romani	60
Arrillor	46–43
Atapuerca	530–430
Axlor	100–50, 47–42
Banyoles (Bañolas)	66–45
Bolomor	130
Carihuela (Cariguela), Pinar	146–117
Casares	45–42
Castillo	77, 70, 44–43
Cova Negra	273–261
Covalejos	45–40
Cueva del Angel	121–104
Esquilleu	54–44
Foradada	100
Gegant	55–52
Horá	100–40
Jarama	60–50
Lezetxiki	310–280, 164
Mollet	215
Moros (Gabasa)	150
Pinilla del Valle	63–50, 42–38
Prado Vargas	55–43
Salt	47–45
Sidrón	58–45
Sima de las Palomas	130–90
Simanya	49–42
Teixoneres	52
Tossal de la Font	90–70
Valdegoba	95–73
Zafarraya	46

Switzerland, Cotencher Cave.

Switzerland

Cotencher	73–68
Saint-Brais II	40

Ukraine, Kiik-Koba.

Ukraine

Kiik-Koba	80–70
Zaskalnaya	43–41

United Kingdom

Pontnewydd	250–200
St. Brelade	48
Swanscombe	400–300

ASIA

Iran, Qal-e Kord Cave.

Iran

Bawa Yawan	44–42
Behistun (Behistoun)	190–60
Qal-e Kord	155
Wezmeh	70–40

Iraq, Shanidar Cave.

Iraq

Shanidar

73–40

Israel, Skull Cave (Zuttiyeh).

Israel

Amud	55
Ein Qashish	70–60
Kebara (Kabara)	62–60
Nesher Ramla	140–120
Qafzeh (Kafzeh)	115–92
Qesem	380–220
Shukbah (Shovakh)	70–56
Skhul	119–100, 80–40
Tabun	140–112

Lebanon, Ksar Akil rock shelter.

Lebanon

Ksar Akil	46
Masloukh	120
Ras el Kelb	100–70

Russia (Asian part)

Chagyrskaya	80, 59–51
Denisova	52
Okladnikov	44

Syria, Dederiyeh Cave.

Syria

Dederiyeh